Economic data & tools
Green Book
The Green Book is HM Treasury guidance for Central Government, setting out a framework for the appraisal and evaluation of all policies, programmes and projects. It sets out the key stages in the development of a proposal from the articulation of the rationale for intervention and the setting of objectives, through to options appraisal and, eventually, implementation and evaluation. It describes how the economic, financial, social and environmental assessments of a proposal should be combined and aims to ensure consistency and transparency in the appraisal process throughout government.
In addition to the overall framework provided by the Green Book, there is a wide range of supplementary guidance containing more detailed guidance on particular issues and applying the Green Book in specific contexts - for example, valuing environmental impacts, assessing competition impacts, adjusting for risk and optimism bias.Depending on the type of policy being appraised, the conclusions of the appraisal and the recommendations for decision-makers should be set out in certain documents:
Green Book document
View the Green Book in easy-to-browse format, below (requires Flash or HTML 5):
Alternatively download the complete Green Book in PDF format:
This is the 2003 edition of the Green Book. However, pages 57-8, which deal with the valuation of non-market goods have been updated alongside the release of a Green Book discussion paper on this subject - Fujiwara and Campbell (2011), Valuation Techniques for Social Cost Benefit Analysis: Stated Preference Revealed Preference and Subjective Well-Being Approaches.
See the Green Book news section of the website for more information
Spending proposals and business cases
All spending proposals should be accompanied by a proportionate and well structured business case. Supplementary to the Green Book is guidance on the creation and assessment of business cases in accordance with HM Treasury’s best-practice 'Five Case Model'.
Regulatory proposals and Impact Assessments
Impact Assessments are generally required for all UK Government interventions of a regulatory nature that affect the private sector, the third sector and public services. Core to an Impact Assessment is an economic assessment of the proposal’s social costs and benefits in accordance with Green Book methodology. The Better Regulation Executive (BRE) of the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills is responsible for the Impact Assessment process (templates, guidance etc). Further guidance on producing Impact Assessments is available from the BRE through the Green Book website:
If you have any comments or feedback please email the Green Book team.
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